Showing posts with label Canon 200mm f1.8 images. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Canon 200mm f1.8 images. Show all posts
Tuesday, December 15, 2020
Cygnus project, ten years and 500 hours, the grande finale!
Total exposure time is way over 600 hours shot between 2010 and 2020. Some areas of this mosaic panorama required more exposure time than others. There are two large supernova remnants in this mosaic. both are large, diffused and very dim. I have used about 150 hours of exposures for them alone! There are hardly any deep and large enough photos around showing them well.
I have started this imaging project back at 2010. My aim was make a highish resolution mosaic covering the constellation Cygnus. Work like that takes time and patience, especially since I have worked so, that many of the individual sub mosaics or frames can be published as an individual artworks. Here is a poster format presentation about all of longer focal length images used for this mosaic beside actual panels, https://astroanarchy.blogspot.com/2018/11/treasures-of-swan.html
As a result I have now a huge 37 panel (And 58 long focal length sub-panel) mosaic panorama covering 28 x 18 degrees of sky. I have collected photons way over 500 hours during past ten years for this photo. The full size mosaic image has a size of about 25.000 x 15.000 pixels.
A photo of five million stars*
Great Mosaic of Cygnus (2010-2020)
28x18 degrees, 37 + 58 panels and over 600 hours of exposure time
The full size photo is worth to see! (2700 x 1700 pixels)
An apparent size of the Moon is marked as a scale at bottom left on the picture frame.
This is a large area of sky! (28 x 18 degrees) Image is in mapped colours, from the emission of ionized elements, R=Sulphur, G=Hydrogen and B=Oxygen. NOTE, the horizontal version at end of the page!
* I actually counted the stars and in this field of view there are little over five million individual stars
* I actually counted the stars and in this field of view there are little over five million individual stars
Orientation
Three supernova remnants, two Wolf Rayet stars and a black hole
Please, click the image for full resolution
Three supernova remnants, two Wolf Rayet stars and a black hole
Please, click the image for full resolution
Some closeups from the large mosaic image to show the resolution
You should click the images to see them in full glory, it's worth the effort!
North America and the Pelican Nebula
You should click the images to see them in full glory, it's worth the effort!
North America and the Pelican Nebula
NOTE, image is reduced to 2000 x 1300 pixels from 6000 x 4000 pixels.
The supernova remnant G65.3+5.7 at top of the mosaic image
More info about this image here, https://astroanarchy.blogspot.com/2020/11/g65357-large-supernova-remnant-in_22.html
A closeup from the supernova remnant G65.3+5.7
The noise is not a noise, just a massive amount of stars
A closeup from the supernova remnant G65.3+5.7
The noise is not a noise, just a massive amount of stars
The starfield in this part of Milky Way is extremely dense, blog post about this SNR can be seen here, https://astroanarchy.blogspot.com/2020/11/a-supernova-remnant-in-cygnus-g65357-snr.html
The Tulip Nebula, Sh2-101, can be seen at center right, there is also a black hole Cygnus X-1
The blog post with technical details can be seen here, https://astroanarchy.blogspot.com/2020/10/the-tulip-nebula-in-cygnus-sh2-101.html
Cirrus of Cygnus
Blog post about this photo, https://astroanarchy.blogspot.com/2020/12/cirrus-of-cygnus-and-supernova-remnant.html
The blog post with technical details can be seen here, https://astroanarchy.blogspot.com/2020/10/the-tulip-nebula-in-cygnus-sh2-101.html
Cirrus of Cygnus
THE MOSAIC
Evolution of the mosaic between 2010 and 2020
Click for a large image
Mosaic panels in chronological order
Click for a large image
Here is an updated image about individual panels shot for this large mosaic image.
There are 37 base panels with shorter focal length tools (200mm f2.8 Tokina and 200mm f1.8 Canon) There is also 59 sub-panels used, they are shot with my old 12" Meade and 11" Celestron Edge scopes.
NOTE I recalculated the total exposure time and it's actually way over 600 hours.
Here is a poster format presentation and a list all of longer focal length images used for this mosaic beside the actual panels, https://astroanarchy.blogspot.com/2018/11/treasures-of-swan.html
NOTE I recalculated the total exposure time and it's actually way over 600 hours.
Here is a poster format presentation and a list all of longer focal length images used for this mosaic beside the actual panels, https://astroanarchy.blogspot.com/2018/11/treasures-of-swan.html
INFO
Three supernova remnants, two Wolf Rayet stars and a black hole
In the orientation image above, there are three large supernova remnants visible, first the Cygnus Shell W63 , bluish ring at upper left quarter, secondly the large SNR G65.3+5.7 at utmost right and finally the third is a brighter SNR, the Veil nebula just outside of field of view at bottom center. (Image is partly overlapping with large mosaic but I didn't want to include it yet due to artistic composition.)
Beside three supernova remnants there are two Wolf Rayet stars with outer shell formations. NGC 6888, the Crescent Nebula at center of the image and the WR 134, it can be seen as a blue arch just right from the Crescent Nebula, near the Tulip nebula.
Next to the Tulip Nebula lays a Black hole Cygnus X-1, it's marked in small closeup image of the Tulip Neula at center right in orientation image above.
Constellation Cygnus is an endless source of celestial wonders, both scientifically and aesthetically. For me, as an visual artist, this are of night sky is very inspiring There are endless amount of amazing shapes and structures, I can spend rest of my life just shooting images from this treasury.
Beside three supernova remnants there are two Wolf Rayet stars with outer shell formations. NGC 6888, the Crescent Nebula at center of the image and the WR 134, it can be seen as a blue arch just right from the Crescent Nebula, near the Tulip nebula.
Next to the Tulip Nebula lays a Black hole Cygnus X-1, it's marked in small closeup image of the Tulip Neula at center right in orientation image above.
Constellation Cygnus is an endless source of celestial wonders, both scientifically and aesthetically. For me, as an visual artist, this are of night sky is very inspiring There are endless amount of amazing shapes and structures, I can spend rest of my life just shooting images from this treasury.
The smaller 18 panel version of this mosaic from a year 2013
My beautiful wife Anna as a scale at front of the framed copy of the Cygnus mosaic version from 2013.
A funny anecdote
A funny anecdote
About a week ago I showed this new mosaic image to my wife Anna. She is an art teacher and I value her opinions very highly. We talked about the composition of the new photo and I asked if she knows where the black hole (Cygnus X-1) locates isn constellation Swan. She doesn't even blink when she pointed her finger on the exactly right spot in the large mosaic! Even though she is interested about astronomy, I was stunned. I asked how she know about the location of the black hole so well ?
The answer was; "If you think about the swan, I just pointed out the anatomically correct location"
The answer was; "If you think about the swan, I just pointed out the anatomically correct location"
The Black Hole of a Swan
Click for a large image (2700 x 1700 pixels)
Equipments used
Monday, October 13, 2014
Cygnus panorama
While waiting the weather to clear, I reprocessed my older material to keep up my skills. This one turned to be so nice. I decided to publish it here.
Cygnus Panorama
Click for a large image. Note. A largish file, 2400 x 1100 pixels and 3.6MB
Labeled
Click for a large image
An original photo and processing, with the technical details, can be seen HERE
Wednesday, August 27, 2014
IC 1896 reprocessed
The astronomical darkness hasn't arrived yet, up here 65N, and I don't have any equipments to continue my imaging work. Due to that, I have done some reprocessing of older material of mine. An other reason is to keep up my processing skills.
IC 1396
Click for a large image
Technical data and more info can be seen HERE
A two frame mosaic image of IC 1396 with the Sharpless 129 and OU4, a planetary nebula candidate
A closeup of an Elephant's Trunk Nebula in IC 1396
An experimental 3D-study of IC 1396 can be seen HERE
Naturally you can buy a museum quality photographic print from any of my images!
HERE is the portfolio with a shopping possibility.
Monday, March 24, 2014
A collection of large supernova remnants as a poster
Since I don't have any equipment to continue my imaging work, I have organized my image archives. This time I made an image collection out of the supernova remnants with a large angular scale. I'm trying to show here, how large they really are in the sky. There is an image of the Moon as a scale in the poster. The Moon has an angular diameter of about 30 arc minutes, that's equal to 0,5 degrees.
A collection of large supernova remnants as a poster
Images are in mapped colors from the emission of ionized elements. NOTE a large image, 1900x2500 pixels and 6MB
Images are in mapped colors from the emission of ionized elements. NOTE a large image, 1900x2500 pixels and 6MB
All images are in Mapped colors from the emission of ionized elements,
R=Sulfur, G=Hydrogen and B=Oxygen.
Note. The Moon as a scale to show the apparent scale in the sky.
R=Sulfur, G=Hydrogen and B=Oxygen.
Note. The Moon as a scale to show the apparent scale in the sky.
The same collection in visual spectrum
Click for a full resolution poster. NOTE a large image, 1900x2500 pixels and 6MB
R=Hydrogen + Sulfur, G=Oxygen and B=Oxygen + Hydrogen. This is very close to a visual colors.
Note. The Moon as a scale to show the apparent scale in the sky.
More information about SNR images above
Links to my original photos with technical details
- Simeis 147: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2012/02/siemis-147-new-data-added.html
- IC 443: astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2012/03/supernova-remnant-ic-443.html
- Sharpless 224: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2011/01/reprocessed-supernova-remnants.html
- Sharpless 221: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2014/01/sh2-221-supernova-remnant-in-auriga.html
- The Veil Nebula: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2013/12/veil-nebula-unveiled.html
- G65.3+5.7SNR: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2013/12/an-other-supernova-remnant-in-cygnus.html
- The Crab Nebula, M1: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2010/03/m1-crab-nebula-finalized.html
All the images are shot with the camera optics, Canon EF 200mm f1.8 monster lens full open, Baader narrowband filters (H-a, O-III and S-II) and the QHY9, a cooled astronomical camera with the KAF 8300 CCD chip. Very long exposure times are used, 15 to 50 hours per image, to reveal dim and diffused structures buried in the dense star fields. All images are guided with the Meade LX200 GPS 12" and the Lodestar guider. Meade works also an imaging platform for the camera lens.
In this collection, there are couple of very rare images, like Simeis 147, Sharpless 224. There are also two "firs light" images out of two super nova remnants, Sharpless 221(Sh2-221) and G65.3+5.7SNR. I haven't been able to find any other color images out of them, showing the whole SNR.
Monday, February 10, 2014
All my images from the Spring season 2014
This is a small collection of my images, shot at Spring 2014. There are not many images and new ones aren't coming anytime soon, since my main telescope system has toasted beyond any repair. I'm having a hard time trying to figure out, how to restore my observatory to an imaging condition with a very limited assets.
I managed to get some really rare images though. I think, that both supernova remnant images, Sharpless 221 and G65.3+5.7 SNR, are the first three band color images, showing the whole remnant, in the world! If someone is able to find other images, I'm very interested to hear about it. Both SNR images are kind of long projects. Exposure time for the G65.3+5.7 SNR 38 hours and for the Sharpless 221 was 33 hours, with the planetary nebula Sharpless 216, 58 hours. (Image at the bottom of the poster.)
Main work for the season was the large, ten panels mosaic of the constellation Cepheus. Every pane is shot three times to have a narrow band color composition. Total exposure time was 92 hours, it includes shots from six different years.
All images from the Spring season -14 are shot with the Canon EF200mm f1.8 camera lens (full open), QHY9 a cooled astronomical camera and the Baader narrowband filters, H-a, S-II and O-III.
All my images from the Spring season 2014 as a poster
Click to see at full scale, 1600x2600 and 5MB
Images are in Natural color palette from the emission of ionized elements,
R=Hydrogen + Sulfur, G=Oxygen and B=Oxygen + Hydrogen.
Ps.
All my astronomical photos can be seen HERE.
Sunday, February 2, 2014
A poster format collection from the Cepheus project
In this collection of my images, the objects shown in a large mosaic of the constellation Cepheus, are collected together. There are indicator lines to show the actual location of object in a large context. As can be seen, I have shot many objects in various focal lengths.
The Cepheus project was my last published image before the major break down of my imaging equipment.
The Cepheus project was my last published image before the major break down of my imaging equipment.
The Cepheus collection
Be sure to click the image to see it in full scale! (2400 x 2000 pixels and 4,5 MB)
An Original blog post of The Cepheus project can be seen HERE.
Small images clockwise, starting from the top left
- Cave Nebula, a closeup: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2012/12/the-cave-nebula_9.html
- Cave Nebula, a wide field shot: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2011/01/sh2-155-cave-nebula-reprocessed.html
- Sharpless 140: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2012/02/dim-and-large-nebula-in-cepheus.html
- Sharpless 129: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2013/12/a-start-of-new-project-cepheus-mosaic.html
- Elephant's Trunk Nebula: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2012/12/elephants-trunk-nebula-reprocessed.html
- IC 1396: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2011/10/ic-1396-home-of-elephants-trunk-nebula.html
- Sharpless 132, a wide field shot: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2011/02/sh2-132-project-finalized.html
- Sharpless 132, a closeup: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2013/10/the-second-image-of-autumn-season-2013.html
- The Wizard Nebula: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2011/07/sh2-142-wizard-nebula-reprocessed.html
- Sharpless 157: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2011/03/sh2-157-reprocessed.html
- Bubble Nebula: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2011/03/bubble-nebula-reprocessed.html
Wednesday, January 29, 2014
Three wide field projects, three constellations
Yesterday I published a large mosaic of Cepheus. I have done two other large mosaics from two other Constellations, Auriga and Cygnus. In this blog post I show all three at the same time.
18-panels mosaic of the constellation Cygnus
Click for a large image, Note. 2300x1500 pixels and 3,5MB
Mapped colors from the emission of ionized elements, R=Sulfur, G=Hydrogen and B=Oxygen.
A blog post about this photo with more info and images:
12-panels mosaic of the Constellation Auriga
Click for a large image, Note. 2000x1000 pixels and 2,5MB
Total exposure time around 70 hours. Buy a photographic print from HERE
A blog post about this photo with more info and images:
http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2012/03/auriga-panorama-gets-bigger-12-panels.html
10-panels mosaic of the constellation Cepheus
Click for a large image, Note. 2900x1700 pixels and 6,6MB
Total exposure time around 92 hours. Buy a photographic print from HERE
A blog post about this photo with more info and images:
http://www.astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2014/01/a-grande-finale-of-cepheus-project.html
(I have done many smaller mosaic images but only the very large ones are listed here.)
Tuesday, January 28, 2014
A grande finale of the Cepheus project, mosaic of ten panels with colors
I have planned this Cepheus project for a long time. Finally I have been able to finalize it. I have done some large mosaic images of nebula rich areas in our Milky way. The ultra fast camera optics, Canon EF 200mm f1.8, it's a perfect tool for the job. It has a large, flat and sharp, image field and full open at f1.8, it collects photons very fast. The final image covers an area of about 18x10 degrees. (Full Moon has an apparent size about 0,5 degrees. 720 full Moons are needed to cover this area in the sky.)
To have a color image, each of the panels have been shot three times. This narrowband image is shot with QHY9 (a cooled astronomical camera), Canon EF 200mm f1.8 camera optics full open, Baader Planetarium Narrowband filter set for an emission of ionized elements, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur. (H-alpha, O-III and S-III) The dimensions of the final mosaic image are 12000 x 6500 pixels.
Emission Nebulae in constellation Cepheus
Mosaic image of ten individual panels, total exposures 92h.
Click for a very large image, 3000 pixels wide and 7MB.
Buy a real photographic print from HERE
About 1:1 detail from the image above
Click for a full size photo
Lots of stars out there.
Cepheus Nebulae in visual spectrum
Composed from the narrowband channels
Image is in Natural color palette from the emission of ionized elements,
R=Hydrogen + Sulfur, G=Oxygen and B=Oxygen + Hydrogen.
Buy a real photographic print from HERE
B&W image with an emission of Hydrogen alpha only
Image of light, emitted by an ionized Hydrogen.
Buy a real photographic print from HERE
A labeled image and orientation
Some main objects are labeled here
An orientation in constellation Cepheus. The mosaic image covers an area of ~18x10 dgrees.
Technical details
I have used lots of an older material for this image. I have shot this area for years, with a different instruments, with different focal lengths and apertures. The total exposure time for the final mosaic image is calculated by adding the exposures for the actual mosaic to the exposures for sub-images used.
List of the sub-images used for a large, 10 panels, mosaic of Cepheus
The first part of the mosaic, four panels: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2013/12/a-start-of-new-project-cepheus-mosaic.html
Sharpless 132, a wide field shot: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2011/02/sh2-132-project-finalized.html
Sharpless 132, a closeup: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2013/10/the-second-image-of-autumn-season-2013.html
Cave Nebula, a wide field shot: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2011/01/sh2-155-cave-nebula-reprocessed.html
Cave Nebula, a closeup: http://astroanarchy.blogspot.fi/2012/12/the-cave-nebula_9.html
Processing work flow
Image acquisition, MaxiDL v5.07.
Stacked and calibrated in CCDStack2.
Deconvolution with a CCDStack2 Positive Constraint, 33 iterations, added at 50% weight
An extra background normalization in CCDStack for a mosaic match.
Color combine for each panel in PS CS3
Panel composition in PS CS3
Levels, curves and the final color matching in PS CS3.
Imaging optics used for the mosaic image
Meade LX200 GPS 12" reduced to f5
Tokina AT-X 300mm f2.8
Canon EF 200mm f1.8
Cameras and filters
Imaging camera QHY 9, with a QHY filter wheel
Guider camera, Lodetsar
Active optics unit SXV-AO with Meade LX200 12" telescope
Baader Filter set, 7nm H-aplha, 8nm S-II and 8.5nm O-III
Total exposures used for a mosaic image
H-alpha 160 x 1200s Bin 1x1
O-III 66 x 1200s Bin 1x1
S-II 50 x 1200s Bin 1x1
Total exposures 276 x 1200s = 92h
Thursday, January 23, 2014
A supernova remnant in Cygnus (Not a Veil nebula) reprocessed
I found six hours of unused H-a data, for this SNR, from my hard drive! Now the dim background emission of an ionized hydrogen is in balance with O-III emission of supernova remnant. The overall look and feel of the image is much natural, I think.
This is a rarely imaged target. I haven't been able to find an other color image of it, showing the whole supernova remnant. This is also one of the most difficult targets, I have ever shot. Due to a very dense star field, large angular dimension and a very diffused structure this is even more difficult target, than a Simeis 147 supernova remnant in Taurus. Total exposure time of 38h was needed to have this image.
This is a rarely imaged target. I haven't been able to find an other color image of it, showing the whole supernova remnant. This is also one of the most difficult targets, I have ever shot. Due to a very dense star field, large angular dimension and a very diffused structure this is even more difficult target, than a Simeis 147 supernova remnant in Taurus. Total exposure time of 38h was needed to have this image.
G65.3+5.7 SNR has about the same angular dimensions, than brighter and more famous remnant in Cygnus, the Veil Nebula. The angular dimensions are about 3x4 degrees.
NOTE, this image is updated at 20.01.2014. There is now a better H-a channel and the background is practically full of ionized Hydrogen, H-alpha.
NOTE, this image is updated at 20.01.2014. There is now a better H-a channel and the background is practically full of ionized Hydrogen, H-alpha.
G65.3+5.7 SNR, reprocessed with extra H-a data
A supernova remnant in constellation Cygnus
So many stars...
Orientation
Technical details
Technical details
Processing work flow:
Image acquisition, MaxiDL v5.07.
Stacked and calibrated in CCDStack2.
Deconvolution with a CCDStack2 Positive Constraint, 33 iterations, added at 33% weight
Levels, curves and color combine in PS CS3.
Optics, Canon EF 200mm camera lens at f1.8
Camera, QHY9
Guiding, Meade LX200 GPS 12" and a Lodestar guider
Image Scale, ~5 arcseconds/pixel
H-alpha, 69x1200s = 23h
O-III, 45x1200s = 15h
Total exposure time 32h
A single calibrated and stretched 20min O-III frame
O-III is the stronger channel!
Heavily stretched 1200s frame of the strongest channel, ionized Oxygen (O-III), doesn't show much.
O-III, 45x1200s = 15h
Total exposure time 32h
A single calibrated and stretched 20min O-III frame
O-III is the stronger channel!
Tuesday, January 21, 2014
Sh2-221, a supernova remnant in Auriga
I think, this is the first three band color image, showing the whole Sh2-221, in the World.
This was one of the most difficult targets I have done so far. Supernova remnant Sh2-221, SNR G160.4+02.8, HB9, locates in constellation Auriga and has an angular dimensions about 2.5 x over 3 degrees. I never seen or red about the extended ionized Oxygen area, visible in my image as blue.
About 33h of exposures with extremely fast camera optics, Canon EF 200mm f1.8 @f1.8, was needed for this image. Total exposure time for the mosaic image, with a Planetary Nebula Sh2-216, is about 58h.
This could be the very first narrow band color image in the world out of this target. Generally, there are very few images of it. I couldn't find an other image showing the whole remnant nor other channels, than H-a.
I have shot this area before but at the time part of the Sh2-221 was missing. This new image of mine is much more accurate and deep.
I have shot this area before but at the time part of the Sh2-221 was missing. This new image of mine is much more accurate and deep.
Sh2-221, Sh2-221, SNR
A supernova remnant in Auriga, Ra 04 43 21 Dec 46 42 06Mapped colors
Mapped colors from the emission of ionized elements,
R=Sulfur, G=Hydrogen and B=Oxygen.
Buy a photographic print from HERE
Visual spectrum
Image is in Natural color palette from the emission of ionized elements,
The Supernova remnant Sh2-221 (SNR G160.4+02.8, HB9) locates in constellation Auriga, about one degree West from Capella. (Doesn't show in my image) The distance from the Earth, 2600 light years, is determined recently at 2007. This object was recognized as a supernova remnant back at seventies.
A two panel mosaic image of Sh-221 and Sh2-216
Two ways to end a life of the star in a same seven degrees field of view!
Just next to Sh2-221 locates a closest known planetary nebula, Sh2-216. This is also a very rarely images target, due to its low surface brightness and large angular dimension. This mosaic image covers over seven degrees of sky vertically. (The Moon has an apparent dimension of 0.5 degrees.) Mosaic is made out of my new data of Sh2-221 and an older material of Sh2-216. Some new exposures was taken for the Sh2-216 to match the background for a mosaic image.
Image shows two different ways to end a life of the star. At left, as a Supernova and at right as a Planetary Nebula. (Massive stars will go to a Supernova, after burning out all of the Hydrogen. There will be a Neutron star or a Black Hole left behind. Lighter stars, as our Sun, will turn to a Planetary Nebula, after ran out of Hydrogen. There is a core of the star left behind, it's called a White Dwarf and it will cool down gradually. )
Mapped colors
Mapped colors from the emission of ionized elements,
R=Sulfur, G=Hydrogen and B=Oxygen.
Buy a photographic print from HERE
Visual spectrum
Image is in Natural color palette from the emission of ionized elements,
R=Hydrogen + Sulfur, G=Oxygen and B=Oxygen + Hydrogen.
Buy a photographic print from HERE
Buy a photographic print from HERE
A labeled image
Orientation in Auriga
Technical details
Processing work flow:
Image acquisition, MaxiDL v5.07.
Stacked and calibrated in CCDStack2.
Deconvolution with a CCDStack2 Positive Constraint, 33 iterations, added at 50% weight
Levels, curves and color combine in PS CS3.
Optics, Canon EF 200mm camera lens at f1.8
Camera, QHY9 with the Baader narrow band filter set, H-a, S-II and O-III
Guiding, Meade LX200 GPS 12" and a Lodestar guider
Image Scale, ~5 arcseconds/pixel
Exposures for the Sh2-221 SNR
H-alpha: 51 x 1200s = 17h
O-III: 21 x 1200s = 7h
S-III: 27 x 1200s = 9h
Exposures for the Sh2-216 Planetary Nebula
H-alpha: 30 x 1200s = 10h
O-III: 18 x 1200s = 6h
S-III: 27 x 1200s = 9h
Total exposure time 58h
Animation of the narrow band channels
In this animation each color channel of Sh2-221 is shown separately. A special technique of mine, Tone Mapping, was used to dig out some extremely dim data.
A set of individual 20 min. exposures for used channels.
Note.
Images are calibrated with Bias corrected Flats and Darks. A very strong none linear stretching is performed to the images. A hint of the Planetary Nebula Sh2-216 can be seen at most right.
H-alpha, the light emitted by an ionized Hydrogen
S-II, the light emitted by an ionized Sulfur
O-III, the light emitted by an ionized Oxygen
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